Heavy metal (often referred to simply as
metal) is a genre of
rock music[1] that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the
Midlands of the United Kingdom and the United States.
[2] With roots in
blues rock and
psychedelic rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified
distortion,
extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness. Heavy
metal lyrics and performance styles are generally associated with
masculinity and
machismo.
[3]
The first heavy metal bands such as
Led Zeppelin,
Black Sabbath and
Deep Purple
attracted large audiences, though they were often critically reviled, a
status common throughout the history of the genre. In the mid-1970s
Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its
blues influence;
[4] Motörhead introduced a
punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed. Bands in the
New Wave of British Heavy Metal such as
Iron Maiden followed in a similar vein. Before the end of the decade, heavy metal had attracted a worldwide following of fans known as "
metalheads" or "
headbangers".
In the 1980s,
glam metal became a major commercial force with groups like
Mötley Crüe and
Poison.
Underground scenes produced an array of more extreme, aggressive styles:
thrash metal broke into the mainstream with bands such as
Metallica,
Megadeth,
Slayer, and
Anthrax, while other styles like
death metal and
black metal remain
subcultural phenomena. Since the mid-1990s, popular styles such as
nu metal, which often incorporates elements of
grunge and
hip hop; and
metalcore, which blends
extreme metal with
hardcore punk, have further expanded the definition of the genre.